TY - JOUR
T1 - Brief self-rated screening for depression on the internet
AU - Donker, T.
AU - van Straten, A.
AU - Marks, I.M.
AU - Cuijpers, P.
PY - 2010
Y1 - 2010
N2 - Background: The Internet offers promising possibilities for the quick screening of depression for treatment and research purposes. This paper aims to validate three self-rated measures to screen for depression on the Internet: SID (single-item depression scale), CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale) and K10 (Kessler psychological distress scale). Methods: Of the 502 subjects aged 18-80 who rated the SID, CES-D and K10 measures on the Internet, 157 (31%) subjects were also interviewed by telephone using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (C)IDI) for DSM-IV-disorders. Results: Cronbach's α for both web self-rated measures CES-D and K10 was 0.90. The SID correlated 0.68 (P < 0.001) with the CES-D and with the K10. The CES-D correlated 0.84 with the K10 (P < 0.001). Subjects with a DSM-IV diagnosis for any depressive disorder had significantly higher means (P < 0.001) on the three self-rated measures for depressive symptoms than subjects without a diagnosis of any depressive disorder. Using any depressive disorder as the gold standard, the area under the curve (AUC) of the SID was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.63-0.79), which was significantly lower than the AUC of the CES-D (AUC: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.77-0.90, P = 0.003) and of the K10 (AUC: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.73-0.88, P = 0.0024). The AUCs for the K10 and CES-D did not differ significantly from each other. Limitations: The CIDI interviews were not recorded, so inter-rater reliability could not be calculated. Conclusions: The CES-D and K10 are reliable, valid tools for care providers to quickly screen depressive patients on the Internet and for researchers to collect data. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
AB - Background: The Internet offers promising possibilities for the quick screening of depression for treatment and research purposes. This paper aims to validate three self-rated measures to screen for depression on the Internet: SID (single-item depression scale), CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale) and K10 (Kessler psychological distress scale). Methods: Of the 502 subjects aged 18-80 who rated the SID, CES-D and K10 measures on the Internet, 157 (31%) subjects were also interviewed by telephone using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (C)IDI) for DSM-IV-disorders. Results: Cronbach's α for both web self-rated measures CES-D and K10 was 0.90. The SID correlated 0.68 (P < 0.001) with the CES-D and with the K10. The CES-D correlated 0.84 with the K10 (P < 0.001). Subjects with a DSM-IV diagnosis for any depressive disorder had significantly higher means (P < 0.001) on the three self-rated measures for depressive symptoms than subjects without a diagnosis of any depressive disorder. Using any depressive disorder as the gold standard, the area under the curve (AUC) of the SID was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.63-0.79), which was significantly lower than the AUC of the CES-D (AUC: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.77-0.90, P = 0.003) and of the K10 (AUC: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.73-0.88, P = 0.0024). The AUCs for the K10 and CES-D did not differ significantly from each other. Limitations: The CIDI interviews were not recorded, so inter-rater reliability could not be calculated. Conclusions: The CES-D and K10 are reliable, valid tools for care providers to quickly screen depressive patients on the Internet and for researchers to collect data. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
U2 - 10.1016/j.jad.2009.07.013
DO - 10.1016/j.jad.2009.07.013
M3 - Article
SN - 0165-0327
VL - 123
SP - 253
EP - 259
JO - Journal of Affective Disorders
JF - Journal of Affective Disorders
ER -