TY - JOUR
T1 - Shpol'skii spectroscopy as a tool in environmental analysis for amino- and nitro-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A critical evaluation.
AU - Kozin, I.S.
AU - Gooijer, C.
AU - Velthorst, N.H.
PY - 1996
Y1 - 1996
N2 - Aiming at the development of an alternative isomer-specific spectral method favourable for identification of mutagenic amino- and nitro-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental samples, the possibility to utilize Shpol'skii spectroscopy, a high-resolution cryogenic molecular luminescence technique, is critically investigated. New data representing specific, vibrationally resolved cryogenic fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra of a number of individual amino-substituted naphthalenes, anthracenes and fluorenes are presented in addition to spectra of four- and five-membered ring amino-PAHs reported earlier. Room temperature fluorescence, photostability of the amino-PAHs and the influence of the cooling rate on spectral quality are considered. For determination of the nitro-PAHs, an off-line chemical reduction with zinc powder was optimized to convert these non-fluorescent compounds to the corresponding aromatic amines. Furthermore, the Shpol'skii technique was successfully applied to a mixture of certified standard reference materials (SRM 1587 and SRM 1647), containing a range of parent and nitro-PAHs. Finally, in combination with normal-phase liquid chromatographic separation, the methods developed enabled the determination of 1-nitropyrene in a diesel particulate SRM 1650.
AB - Aiming at the development of an alternative isomer-specific spectral method favourable for identification of mutagenic amino- and nitro-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental samples, the possibility to utilize Shpol'skii spectroscopy, a high-resolution cryogenic molecular luminescence technique, is critically investigated. New data representing specific, vibrationally resolved cryogenic fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra of a number of individual amino-substituted naphthalenes, anthracenes and fluorenes are presented in addition to spectra of four- and five-membered ring amino-PAHs reported earlier. Room temperature fluorescence, photostability of the amino-PAHs and the influence of the cooling rate on spectral quality are considered. For determination of the nitro-PAHs, an off-line chemical reduction with zinc powder was optimized to convert these non-fluorescent compounds to the corresponding aromatic amines. Furthermore, the Shpol'skii technique was successfully applied to a mixture of certified standard reference materials (SRM 1587 and SRM 1647), containing a range of parent and nitro-PAHs. Finally, in combination with normal-phase liquid chromatographic separation, the methods developed enabled the determination of 1-nitropyrene in a diesel particulate SRM 1650.
U2 - 10.1016/0003-2670(96)00253-X
DO - 10.1016/0003-2670(96)00253-X
M3 - Article
SN - 0003-2670
VL - 333
SP - 193
EP - 204
JO - Analytica Chimica Acta
JF - Analytica Chimica Acta
ER -